Ethnocentrism Is A Basic Attitude Expressing The Belief...

ETHNOCENTRISM Ethnocentrism is a basic attitude expressing the belief that one?s own ethnic group or one?s own culture is superior to other ethnic groups or cultures, and that one?s cultural standards can be applied in a universal manner. The term was first used by the American sociologist William Graham Sumner (1840?1910) to describe the view that one?s own culture can be considered central, while other cultures or religious traditions are reduced to a less prominent role. Ethnocentrism is closely related to other attitudinal indicators for racism, xenophobia, prejudice, mental closure, and, more generally, an authoritarian personality structure. Ethnocentrism is widely used in research on social and political attitudes because it proves to be a very powerful and easily identifiable attitude that can be measured in a valid manner with a limited number of variables. Although ethnocentric prejudice can be directed toward one specific outsider group, empirical research reveals that usually ethnocent rism is generalized toward all outsider groups. Although ethnocentrism is closely related to racism, it can be distinguished from racism because it does not involve necessarily a negative vision toward other races. Any culturally distinct outsider group (whether the distinction involves language, religion, color, or descent) can be targeted by ethnocentric attitudes. In practice, European researchers often tend to avoid using the term?racism?because they are reluctant to apply theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Woodrow Wilson High School1311 Words   |  6 PagesLife within a group that tends to be over looked or down played at times can be quite deadly. Throughout life, many different groups, categories, cultures, and identities will take the toll of action while one is responding either to you or about you. The film I analyzed is Freedom Writers, which is based on a dedicated teacher of the white or Caucasian ethnic group. White being the dominate group in America that tends to have many privileges, which the teacher Erin Gruwell t ook the notion to stepRead MoreAssimilation Of The United States Constitution Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesorder for assimilation to occur a minority group becomes an integrated part of the majority group; this assimilation results in non-distinguishing of one group from another by cultural characteristics. In order for this process to be complete, it must entail, not only an active effort by the minority group to shed all distinguishing actions and beliefs, and also complete unqualified acceptance of that individual by the dominant society. Implementation of this process will gradually integrate theRead MoreTheories of Ethnocentrism: Social Dominance Theory and Social Identity Perspective6083 Words   |  25 PagesTheories of Ethnocentrism: Social Dominance Theory and Social Identity Perspective Compare and Contrast critically evaluate in light of relevant research and theoretical reasoning A major focus of psychology is in understanding why group conflict, inequality and ethnocentrism occur. Many researchers have developed theories and presented evidence to try and explain these issues and two predominant approaches have emerged. The first approach focuses on the relatively stable personality differencesRead MoreLa Napoli Case Study2805 Words   |  12 Pagesneeded to complement his superior technical and culinary skills. Culture and Organization Culture is a pertinent issue in the management arena and therefore has been defined in various ways. Nevertheless all definition point out to its three elements which are shared values, beliefs and behavioural norms. Here culture is defined as expectation and belief patterns shared by members of an organization. It is as a result of these beliefs that values which shape the behaviour of individual members ofRead MoreProfessional Student4171 Words   |  17 Pagesimmediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called A. the sociological imagination. B. anthropology. C. a theory. D. verstehen. Answer: A 4. A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one’s own society A. from the perspective of personal experience. B. from the perspective of cultural biases. C. as an outsider. D. as an insider. Answer: C 5. A sociologist observing behavior at a college football game would probably focus on A. whatRead MoreConsumer Perception Towards Brand Choice8092 Words   |  33 PagesChanging Perception of Consumer towards Brand Choice and the role of culture in it: A Pakistan perspective An Argumentative Paper on the Bond between Brand Choice, Consumer’s Perception and Culture influence Ikra Nasir Bachelor of Business Administration, Comsats University of Science and Technology, Islamabad campus, Pakistan Haider Ahmed Qazi Bachelor of Business Administration, Comsats University of Science and Technology, Islamabad campus, Pakistan Abstract The main purpose of this paper isRead MoreGeron Essay7094 Words   |  29 PagesApproximately how much has the average life expectancy in the United States increased since 1900? Answer | a. | 45 years | | b. | 30 years | | c. | 15 years | | d. | 5 years | | | | | | | When one looks at the heart, blood vessels, lungs and respiratory tract as the locus of death on is using which of the following approaches to determine death Answer | a. | Irreversible loss of the soul from the body | | b. | Irreversible loss of the capacity for bodily integrationRead MoreBusiness Communication4956 Words   |  20 PagesAccording to Excellence in Business Communication Tenth edition by Thill/Bovee employers expect employees to be competent in a wide range of communication tasks, such as organizing ideas and information logically, express ideas and information, expressing ideas and information coherently and persuasively, actively listening, communicate effectively with people of diverse backgrounds, use of communication technologies effectively and follow accepted grammar, spelling, and other high quality writingRead MoreExample Research: Critical Discourse Analysis9514 Words   |  39 Pagesdiscourse, are inherently part of and influenced by social structure, and produced in social interaction. Instead of denying or ignoring such a relation between scholarship and society, they plead that such relations be studied and accounted for in their own right, and that scholarly pract ices Critical Discourse Analysis 353 be based on such insights. Theory formation, description, and explanation, also in discourse analysis, are sociopolitically situated, whether we like it or not. Reflection onRead MoreSociology and Group41984 Words   |  168 Pagesimportant factor separating successful groups from unsuccessful ones is a. having a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 12 members in a group. b. a clear goal. c. strong leadership. d. member independence and interdependence. e. group morale. Answer: b. a clear goal. . According to your textbook, a group s context refers to a. the type and size of the group. b. the group s physical and psychological setting. c. the group s purpose, history, and status. d. the characteristics of and relationships

The Dimensions of Team Membership Essay - 1582 Words

Introduction Desire for control, tolerance for change, wanting direction, not wanting conflict, getting along with team members and working together towards a common goal are a few of the items that will be discussed in this paper. Knowing your teammates learning style helps to decrease the time it takes to form team norms. Understanding your leadership style in various task and relationship oriented situations and how you handle conflict in are a few other topics discussed. Identifying within all of the mentioned behavior theories assist in developing a high performance team. Analysis Tolerance for Ambiguity Up until six years ago, my tolerance for change and not being in control was half of what it is today. Life has a†¦show more content†¦Bion documented three behaviors that occur during dissonance as; (1) dependence, (2) fight-flight, and (3) pairing (Bright, 2011). Dependence in a group is seen as members blaming someone or something else for their awkward feeling and either becoming dysfunctional when the group becomes overly dependent on members, or having a positive outcome if the group comes together and rallies to succeed (Bright, 2011). I experienced both sides of dependence when my former employer made major changes to the leadership of the organization. The leader that was put in place was rarely there and had a separate agenda from the organization. At first a few of us banded together to keep things at status quo, but after a while we gave up and I became emotionally detached from the organization. Fight-flight behavior is evident when there is ambiguity. Disruptive conflict between members of the group is the fight aspect and the flight aspect is when members’ mentally shut down and no longer participate in the group (Bright, 2011). Neither behavior is productive in a group, but can be turned into a positive if recognized and dealt with proactively; communication is the key. During the reorganization mentioned above, there were several disruptive conflicts that resulted in terminations. Becoming emotionally detached wasn’t a bad thing for me on a personal level because I didn’t take work home with me and IShow MoreRelatedIndividualist vs Collectivist Cultures Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesCulture Dimensions Cultural dimensions are developed by the Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede. The framework aims for a better understanding of cultures and the values and behavior of its members. The theory is based on large surveys within IBM in the 1970s and studies how values in the workplace are influenced by culture. Hofstede found clear patterns of similarity with people from the same country and differences between different countries which can be arranged in following dimensions: IndividualismRead MoreThe Organizational Characteristics Of The Costco Companies1199 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper describes the organizational characteristics of the Costco Companies. It uses the Marcic Dimension Scale to measure the relation to function and structure identified by specific areas (Daft, 2013). I will examine five Marcic Dimension Scale areas. Each of the components can be measured from either a high end of the spectrum or a low end. I will examine the areas of formalization, technology, external environment, goals, and size to understand more about the structure and function ofRead MoreThe Brand Personality Of A Uk s Sport Team And Customers Identification1587 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Investigation of the Relationships between the Brand Personality of a UK’s Sport Team and Customers’ Identification. Introduction Professional sports teams are commonly described using human characteristics. For example, teams are often characterised as being ‘successful’, ‘ambitious’ or ‘uncompromising’ (Tsiotsou, 2012). Such associations can help teams increase their fan base and attract sponsors, as both individuals and sponsors seek partnerships with brands that express their identityRead MoreNotes On Social Identity Theory1191 Words   |  5 Pagesanalyze the phenomenon. SIT assumes that individuals pursue group memberships (i.e. social identities) to attain a positive self-concept by affiliating with groups of high status (Gudykunst Bond, 1980). As such, when individuals perceive that their current group membership does not contribute to a positive social identity, they may engage in behaviors that improve their current group’s reputation (social change), or change their memberships entirely to affiliate with groups of higher status (social mobility)Read MoreThe Second Hofstede Cultural Dimension Compared : Individualism Vs. Collectivism1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe second Hofstede cultural dimension compared is â€Å"Individualism vs. Collectivism† which indicates whether members within a society define themselves as individuals or associate themselves with a particular group. In Hofstede’s comparison of Japanese and American cultures, American culture scored relatively high (91) in the individualism dimension. On the contra ry, the Japanese culture scored relatively low (46) which firmly categorizes the culture as Collectivist. To clarify, Americans placesRead MoreLimitations Of Social Identity Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Social identity theory proposed by Tajfel Turner (2004) is a theory of group membership and behaviour which has made significant contributions in explaining in-group favouritism, out-group denigration, competition and other interactions of an individual among social groups (Korte, 2007; Brown, 2000; Tajfel Turner, 2004). Social identity theory can be defined as an individual’s sense of who they are based on the group that they belong to through a process of self-categorisation andRead MoreEssay about Usaa Swot Analysis1672 Words   |  7 Pagesa small group of 25 U.S. Army officers in 1922. Nearly 90 years later, it is now an organization with more than 7.4 million members, offering banking, investing, retirement and insurance services worldwide. Since its inception, USAA has expanded membership eligibility to include all members of the Armed Forces and their family. What makes USAA stand out is that it is not a corporation, but an inter-insurance exchange. This allows eac h member to be insured by every other member concurrently, yet onlyRead MoreNotes On Fedex s Organizational Culture830 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership dimensions that FedEx management applicants have to exhibit before getting a management position. FedEx should review these dimensions with all employees, not just employees aspiring to be managers. Another takeaway from Netflix is the teamwork concept. Netflix strives to hire team players and instills the teamwork concept in all of its employees. FedEx also strives to hire team players as well. But because of the nature of the business, there tend to be more small teams working independentlyRead MorePreparing Professionally For A Visit1236 Words   |  5 Pagesculture, as they are often at times very different from our own. If a job required me to move to Japan for two years, it would be crucial for me to understand the five key dimensions of culture, which include context, individualism/collectivism, time orientation, power d istance, and communication style, and research these dimensions in Japan’s culture in order to increase the odds of the business trip being a successful one. A culture’s context can basically be described as the background or environmentRead MoreThe Big Five Factor Model1450 Words   |  6 PagesFive -Factor model According to the five-factor model (or Big Five), personality can be classified into five distinct dimensions. These dimensions include extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience (Forsyth, 2014). When multiple individuals come together to work in a group, the personalities of each person may either help or hinder the group in reaching its’ goals. For instance, the Big Five factor of agreeableness is indicative of an individual being

Biography of Nikola Tesla - 1054 Words

Nikola Tesla is undoubtedly one of the most influential scientists of all time. He was born on July 10th, 1856 in Smiljan, Lika; at this time, Smiljan was located in the Austro-Hungarian Empire region of Croatia. Tesla was thought to be one of the very few people who possessed an eidetic, or photographic, memory. He had numerous ideas for possible inventions, which he almost never felt the need to write down. In his lifetime he registered more than seven hundred patents around the world.2 Some of the inventions he patented include: the alternating current, x-rays, the radio, the remote control, the electric motor, robotics, the laser, the Tesla coil, wireless communications, and limitless free energy.3 Although Tesla is not the sole person attributed to some of these technologies, he was the person who initially pioneered most and greatly advanced them all. The alternating current was possibility the most positively impactful invention ever created, while wireless communication and limitless free energy were two of the greatest ideas ever conceived that unfortunately he never got to bring to reality.4 The young scientist came to the United States in 1886 to work for Thomas Edison. Edison not paying Tesla here if need more While both men worked on dynamos, Tesla found a fault in Edison’s direct current and instead favored his alternating current. The direct current maintains a one-directional energy flow that loses energy as it traverses over larger distances, while theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biography of Nikola Tesla504 Words   |  3 Pages Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia at midnight between July 9th and 10th 1856. He was intelligent since his early childhood. He soon became interested in engineering and he studied it at the Technical University in Graz, Austria, from 1877 to 1880. Right after that he went to the University of Prague in 1880, but his father had died and he withdrew his studies from the University soon after. Tesla always dreamed of becoming an electrical engineer and to invent a new type of power transmissionRead MoreBiography of Nikola Tesl a: Why He Is So Importance to Science?1213 Words   |  5 Pagesphysics, and other related sciences, but all of the information he learned helped in the creation of multiple scientific inventions that changed the world. Without Nikola Tesla the world would not be quite as technologically advanced as it is today. Nikola Tesla was born on July 10, 1856 in the European country of Croatia to Mulutin and Djuka Tesla. His father, Mulutin, was a Serbian Orthodox Priest. His mother, Djuka, was an inventor of various household appliances. Growing up under the influence of hisRead MoreA Hero Is No Braver Than An Ordinary Man1387 Words   |  6 Pagesand more was Nikola Tesla. Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia, on July 10, 1856. His true academic career began in college, where he studied at both the Polytechnic School at Graz, as well as the University of Prague. While he was employed at his first job at a government telegraph engineering office, he not only created his first invention, a telephone repeater, but he also conceived the idea for his second, the rotating magnetic field (â€Å"Nikola Tesla,† Encyclopedia of World Biography). Tesla’s mostRead MoreNikola Tesla Giant Of Electricity1510 Words   |  7 Pagesof unkempt potential that can expand an imagination beyond its wildest dreams. Nikola Tesla Giant of Electricity is a book about an inventor, mathematician, engineer, physicist, and most importantly a discoverer! This book tells about the hardships of the great Nikola Tesla’s life and his happiness and struggles as he works to introduce his amazing inventions to the public’s life. I really enjoyed the book, Nikola Tesla Giant of Electricity, because it tells the story of a great discoverer and intelligentRead MoreInventions of Nikola Tesla Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesthink Thomas Edison. However, the real mind behind modern electricity was Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla is most commonly known as the inventor of the AC current, or the electricity that is found when you plug something into a wall socket. Undoubtedly, he was a revolutionary thinker during the 1870s. He opposed the old and imagined the new, battling with Edison in â€Å"The Current Wars† and filing for hundreds of patents. Nikola Tesla was a man of many inventions inve nting a practical use for AC current, imaginingRead MoreEssay on Nikola Tesla: American Genious1179 Words   |  5 Pagesrooms with cordless light bulbs. He was a genius with a few odd habits and name was Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia July 10th, 1856. Nikola’s father was Milutin Tesla who was a Serbian Orthodox Priest. His mother was Djouka Mandic who was an inventor who made household appliances. He had one brother, whose name was Dane, and three sisters: Angelina, Milka, and Marica. As a child Tesla wanted to become an engineer. However his father wanted him to him to go into the clericalRead MoreHow Nikola Tesla Impacted the World Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesHow Nikola Tesla impacted the world Have you ever relaxed on the beach while sitting back and listening to the radio? If you have, then you were using a device created by the renowned scientist Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla was a Croatian scientist of the late 1800s who worked closely with Thomas Edison and who, regardless of his lack of education, created over seven hundred different inventions throughout his life. Tesla was born in the Croatian Military Frontier, currently known as Croatia, on JulyRead MoreWhich Modern Thinker, Individual, or Leader Has the Greatest Chance of Having a Long-tern Influence?1627 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral public as extensively as that of other modern thinkers, Nikola Tesla is the most likely candidate for a lasting influence upon the general public, due to the fact that his inventions and discoveries are visible in the lives of nearly all people. Despite the fact that Nikola Tesla is not the subject of the admiration of many, the inventions attributed to him have affected the lives of countless people throughout the world. Tesla, the Croatian born inventor, is responsible, in part, for theRead MoreHistorys Forgotten Genius Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagesmen are the fathers of modern technology. The War of Currents was a battle between the famous inventor Thomas Edison, and the mysterious genius Nikola Tesla. Tesla and Edison engaged in an epic competition to create the most efficient, cheap, usable form of electricity. Everyone knows who Thomas Edison was, but not many people know of Nikola Tesla. Tesla was an unappreciated mastermind who changed the world with his inventions, performed many strange experiments, and practically invented usable electricityRead MoreNikola Tesla Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesNikola Tesla was born midnight on July 10, 1856 in Smiljan, Lika, which was then part of the Austo-Hungarian Empire, reg ion of Croatia. His father was named Milutin Tesla and was a Serbian Orthodox Priest. Djuka Mandic was his mother and was an inventor in her own right of household appliances. Tesla was the fourth child of five, having one older brother and 3 younger sisters. Tesla studied at the Realschule, Karlstadt in 1873, the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria and the University of Prague

Project Management Application And Integration Of...

INTRODUCTION Project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. Project management is practised through application and integration of various processes. †¢ Initiating- In order to start or initiate any project one must have an objective. The managers starts with one prime objective of the project that what they yield from the project. In order to make project successful with a good vision of scope. †¢ Planning- Planning is like a roadmap to reach its destination in the most innovative way. Planning is indeed for a project work. Planning allocates responsibilities and acts as coordination link or communication means among people involved in the project. It entails time consciousness. †¢ Executing- With an agenda to be successful in a project or in achieving the target goal of a project, proper execution is necessary. In a nutshell, the goal of executing process is to make the team in place to get the work done in the most effective way. †¢ Monitoring and controlling- This process keep a tab on the task that they all are done in a good manner and within allocated, with which comes the minimal risk. As soon as the project is launched, controlling it becomes supreme concern of the project. Later, planning and control are coiled together. The major functions – - ensuring timely monitoring of performance. - It drives or propels the project person to venture for attainingShow MoreRelatedEmpirical Differences Between Agile And Devops1633 Words   |  7 Pagessoftware applications, increased the demand for principles in-order to maintain quality, flexibility, cost control and maintenance. There are several models of software development, that describes the approaches to a variety of tasks or activities that takes place during the development process. In most of the traditional IT process, the collaboration between the developer teams and the operational teams is minimal and sometimes there would be no communication, which resulted in various issues likeRead MoreBusiness Analysis Project Management Delivery Development Management1050 Words   |  5 PagesSkilled Senior Business Analyst and Project Manager with outstanding capability in the development and delivery of complex applications and architecture, backed by 15 years experience. Promoted to the Executive Management Committee of MediSwitch and received multiple awards including CEO Award and Leader of the Year Award. Expert in all aspects of business integration management and change management. Able to provide critical support to large multi-million-dollar tenders, ensuring proposals are viableRead MoreErp As A Potential Solution For The Organization1736 Words   |  7 PagesERP as a potential solution for the organization Abstract ERP has become a potential solution which the companies are aiming for to improve their business process performances. There are various challenges that are encountered by the organizations in terms of people, process and systems oriented issues in the usage of disparate systems. In aim of increasing their business operations, the companies are eying at ERP as potential solutions. In this research paper the focus is upon understanding howRead MoreBoeing1310 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Module 2: Procurement and Supply Chain Management Session 11: E-Procurement Written Cases Study 4: Boeing Australia Limited: Assessing the Merits of Implementing a Sophisticated e-Procurement System Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Issue Identification 4 Environmental and Root Cause Analysis 6 Alternatives and Options 7 Recommendations 8 Implementation 8 Monitor and Control 9 Conclusion 10 References 10 Executive Summary BoeingRead MoreBusiness Process Integration : Bank Of America Corporation A Fortune 500 For Profit1692 Words   |  7 Pagesanother (Acquisition). There are clear vision and long-term advantages in doing so. In short term this causes organizational integration, financial integration, market integration and business process integration challenges. This analysis examines the operations and supply chain principles at work in delivering the business process integration challenges pertaining to IT projects. Company Background Bank of America Corporation a fortune 500 for profit, publicly traded company with the primary purposeRead MoreInside the Square: A Case Study1250 Words   |  5 PagesFederation Square project commenced in 1998 under the Victorian Government led by Jeff Kennett. The project would take six years to complete, involve over 5000 people, cost approximately $467m and would eventually receive a significant amount of public condemnation (Crawford, 2009). 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Change management is an important aspect applicable to any organization. It entails the technology employed to effect change in an organization. There are many models of change management; however, this paper focuses on the Kotter’s model of change management. The Kotter’s model of change management dictates that the change leader use eight steps to effect change in the organization. The research paperRead MoreProject Management Professional With 15 + Years Of Experience1023 Words   |  5 PagesSUMMARY Project Management professional with 15+ years of experience in leading all the phases of diverse technology projects, with a proven track record of managing, directing project teams and implementing complex and large scale IT Application delivery projects/programs. †¢ Skilled in Agile, Iterative and Waterfall project management methodologies. Experienced in managing large project teams and known for high-quality deliverables that meet or exceed timeline and budgetary targets. †¢ ProactiveRead MoreEnterprise Resource Planning ( Erp ) Systems Attempt1302 Words   |  6 Pagessystems attempt to combine data and processes in organizations. The data is centralized as a single database. This database functions as a hub that stores, shares, and circulates data from within the different organizational units and business functions. ERP systems are one of the most adopted information technology (IT) solutions in organizations. Besides the possible cost savings, one of the main drivers for an ERP adoption would be the technical and operation integration of business functions to complement

Lord of the Flies Regression of Humanity Free Essays

Lord Of The Flies: Regression of Humanity To go backwards in life means to regress; This is shown excessively throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies by William Golding. It is about young boys who strive to stay civilized but ultimately regress back into a savage phase, where their primal needs for food and shelter dominate. The breaking of the conch shell and the use of face paint and spears demonstrate the regression of the boys which is caused by a lack of law and order, and therefore ends in total destruction of the island. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies: Regression of Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now The conch shell’s original purpose was to create rules in the boys’ lives, however it ends up being destroyed. During an argument between Jack, chief of the hunters, and Ralph, chief of the boys, they say; â€Å"The rules! ’ shouted Ralph. ’You’re breaking the rules. ’ ‘Who cares? ’ Because the rules are the only thing we’ve got! ’ ‘Bollocks to the rules! †(91). This proves that the shell is losing its power and authority to some, mainly Jack. Another example of the boys regressing is the breaking of the conch shell. When Piggy, an intelligent, but social outcast due to his weight, tries to stand up to Jack, the narrator explains how Roger, one of Jack’s many hunters, pushes a boulder on top of Piggy and Walker shatters the shell; â€Å"The rock struck Piggy a glancing blow from chin to knee; the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist†(181). This shows how the boys are willing to demolish whatever or whoever comes in their way because there is no law and order to stop them. The breaking of the conch is a sever sign of regression however, this problem is also caused by the use of face paint. The use of face paint to the boys is to hide their problems and create a new identity for themselves, however Jack chooses to use it in a different way. He explains to Roger what he chooses to use this mask for; â€Å"For hunting. Like the war. You know – dazzle paint†(63). This proves that Jack has given up on trying to stay civilized and regrets making that choice so he chooses to lie and portray a new Jack behind the painted on mask. The narrator also points out; â€Å"†¦the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid liberated from shame and self-consciousness†(64). This shows how Jack is upset at himself and chooses to use the mask to hide his emotions and problems from the others. The boys face many more issues regarding the face paint, however they also run into similar challenges when using the spears. The spears were merely, suppose to be for hunting, however the boys slowly start to lose sight of that and start using the spears for their own pleasure. Here is what happens when the narrator talks about one of their pig hunts; Here struck down by the heat, the sow fell and the hunters hurled themselves at her†¦Roger ran round the heap, prodding with his spear whenever pigflesh appeared†¦Roger found a lodgment for his point and began to push till he was leaning with his whole weight(135). Walker This shows how the boys, especially Roger, use the spears to fulfill their own satisfaction by torturing and killing this mother sow and in doing so they also kill her newborn piglets. The boys also use the spears when they decapitate the sow. The narrator says; â€Å"Jack held up the head and jammed the soft throat on the pointed end of the stick which pierced through into the mouth† (136-137). This shows that the boys are regressing because in civilization, they would never decapitate any creature or human. From little steps like the conch shell shattering, and the use of face paint and spears, the boys’ utter madness turns into total destruction of the island. The island is demolished because the survivors, who are now hunters, turn against Ralph and try to kill him the same way they killed the sow. To make it easier on themselves, Jack orders the hunters to set the island on fire, however this is ironic because by setting the island on fire, they caught the attention of a passing ship which was suppose to be the original purpose of building a fire. Works Cited Golding, William. Lord Of The Flies. New York, NY: The Putnam Publishing Group, 1954. Print How to cite Lord of the Flies: Regression of Humanity, Essay examples

Legal Aspect Indian Private Law

Question: Discuss about theLegal Aspect for Indian Private Law. Answer: Case - The Bhopal Case Charan Lal Sahu v. Union of India: Party Representing: Union of India Introduction In the early hours of 4th December 1984, the Bhopal Case tragedy took place. In history, this is regarded as one of the most horrible industrious disaster. A highly infected chemical, methyl isocynate, leaked out of from the plant of the Union Carbide Limited that was located in Bhopal (Dhara and Acquilla 2013). People died a wretched death as a result of the leakage of methyl isocynate. People crippled to save their lives. Few survivors from the disaster are still suffering for their compensation, lives, dignity and rehabilitation. There was uncertainty about the outcome of the exposure of methyl isocynate on the sufferers. Other than loss of loss of lives and other outcomes of the tragedy, include loss of vegetation, cattle and human lives. The disaster undoubtedly caused disruption and impoverishment of lives (Singh and Bhadoria 2013). The disaster raised many doubts in the applicability of existing laws in Bhopal for organisations operating at a multinational level in India. The disaster also identified questions related to unauthorised industrialisation in India, wrong policy making and lack of sufficient policies in India (Mishra et al. 2015). Moreover, the disaster also raised questions relating to the authority of a parent company for the acts of its subsidiary company and the liabilities and compensation of the parent company for the acts of the supplementary company (Rao 2016). The Bhopal Gas tragedy in India exposed the system of security. The feature of protection was overlooked in Bhopal while authorising licenses to the plant for its operation. This happened in the year 1969. While the license was granted to the company, dangers existed relating to the local residents of the area and shifting of the residents was advised. However, this advise was completely ignored. It is alleged that UCL preserved double standards regarding the safety of the Bhopal plant (Rajagopalan 2014). The sensing system of the temperature and computerised pressure were some of the safety measures that were ignored by the UCL. Normally, safety mechanisms and preventive measures are the first mechanisms to be used by the company for the protection of the people (Nair 2016). However, for the sake of making profit, the company ignored these risks. For the manufacturing of the highly toxic pesticides, the Government of India and the Government of Madhya Pradesh completely disregarded the preventive steps that they should have taken while granting license to the company. This incident was a tragic one and raised many questions relating to the negligence of the central and state government (Mishra et al. 2015). The legal issue in question after the disaster took place was to recover claims for the people who have suffered as an outcome of the disaster. It was difficult for the company to issue suits against the claims, as the incident happened in a company that was a subsidiary company of the United States of America (Oak 2014). Therefore, the President of India passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Ordinance, on 20th February 1985 to give special rights to the people who have suffered out of the Bhopal disaster. The Ordinance was replaced on 29th March 1985 by the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act (Augenstein 2014). The Bhopal Gas Tragedy involved many disasters and therefore, it was not easy for the sufferers to to file individual claim of the tragedy. Thus, with the establishment of the Act, the central government was to presume the role of parens patraie. The aim of this Act was to ensure that the victims of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy are dealt with eq uitably, profitably, effectively, promptly and to the best advantage of the plaintiffs (Dhara and Acquilla 2013). The Act also gave authority to the central government to represent and act in harmony with similar claims arising out of the disaster (Chopra 2014). According to section 4 of the Act, absolute authority is not given to the applicants so that the right to be characterised by a lawful advocate. Restrictions are imposed upon the government for demonstration of the people having same issues out of the Bhopal disaster. The practitioner challenged the validity of the Act, and the Supreme Court declared the Act as valid. The Supreme Court held that, if the Government of the disaster took claims of the sufferers it was not illegal. According to the Supreme Court, firstly, the standard of the victims of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy is not comparable with the standard of the multinational companies. Secondly, the victims will also not be in a position to take care of their personal inte rest in an efficient manner (Dhara and Acquilla 2013). Additionally, the Supreme Court also opined that the shares that the central government held were only fictitious, as they did not really own any share in the UCL as the organisations were independent statutorily (Balganesh 2014). Claims of Charan Lal Sahu Mr. Sahu presented the following claims before the Court: Sahu particularly questioned about the validity of Article 14 of the Constitution of India and he mainly focused his attention to the validity of Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985 in concordance to the Article 14 of the constitution. The applicability of parens patraie was also discussed as it gave no limitations on the power of the central government. Moreover, it was also alleged that the central government itself held shares in UCL, therefore as per the petitioner, the central government does not hold authority to act as representatives against themselves as they were joint tort feasor in the tragedy. As per the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, the power given to the central government for signifying victims having similar claims was inconsistent. The Act was also held to be violative of the natural principles of justice of administrative law. Thus, the petitioner made request to the Honourable Judge to remove the mischief of the Act by applying the statutory rule of interpretation on the Act. The petitioner held that the suit be immediately dismissed by applying the doctrine of non conveniens. (Castleman 2016) According to the Supreme Court, the Act satisfied the conditions that were stated as part of the Indian Constitution in Article 14. As per the court, the victims could be categorised as a separate class having the same issue and aiming for speedy settlement of their claims (Balganesh 2014). Additionally, the Court also held that the Act aimed to protect the victims to be heard on any matter in the future that was similar to the proposed claim. Thus, this was a fair and just method and such a method cannot be termed as unjustified by the petitioner. A more suitable term for this class representation is mass tort action. Hence, the verdict of the Court in relation to the Act cannot be termed as disadvantageous for the petitioner (Izarali 2013). As per the Act of Bhopal Gas Disaster, 1985, the union of India filed a suit against UCL in the United States in the district Court. The Union of India made a claim for compensation of three billion dollars (Jos 2016). The government of India was in favour of the representation of the case in the District Court of the United States, as it would lead to speedy and fair trial. This representation was opposed by applying the principle of forum non-conveniens. The UCC was in the opinion that the case to be heard in India as the district Court in the United States is not a satisfactory and a convenient forum for trial. The plea of the petitioner was that the issue to be decided on the grounds of public interest for example, the people of India to be able to view the trial. Moreover, the courts in India will be able to apply Indian laws better than the court of the United States. One of the main arguments of the UCC in this case was the trail, if held in the United States, would cause dama ge to the interests of the people in the United States (Mac Sheoin 2015). Arguments of Union of India: As against the motion of the UCL, the Union of India submitted many points in argument to dismiss the case on the fact that the Act was invalid and violated the rules of constitution: As per the arguments of the Union of India, it was opined that the Indian forum of justice does not provide sufficient ways in which the issue may be solved effectively. It was argued that there was lack of procedural activity in the system of India as far as courts are concerned. Therefore, the Union of India wanted the issue to be decided in the United States district forum with compensation of three million dollars (Mac Sheoin 2015). The Union of India also argued that UCL was an organisation that operated completely from the United States and the plant was also located in the United States for the purpose of storage and production. Thus, the most relevant evidence shall be available against the UCL, in the United States as the company mostly operated and controlled its operations from the United States (Balganesh 2014). However, the Court concerning the application of forum non-coneviens dismissed this argument. In the opinion of the Court, India has adequate and sufficient forum leading to the decision be taken in India. The Court took help of the case of Gulf Oil Corp v. Gilbert, for disposing the arguments of the Union of India (Dhara and Acquilla 2013). Moreover, the decision of M.C Mehta v. Union of India was also applied to the case of Bhopal Gas tragedy. This decision became active in the present case to decide the tortuous liability that arose out of the case. The decision was however challenged by the UCL, however, the plea was not dismissed. The Court reduced the amount of compensation from 350 crore to 250 crore. Moreover, the Union of India also demanded for lifting the corporate veil of UCL as it had control over the activities of the organisation (Oak 2014). The Union of Indi also held that the Bhopal Gas Leak Act was not invalid, as it will enable in speedy disposal of similar matters in the near future. The main aim behind the formulation of the Act was to make sure that the central government takes the onus of representing the public suffered in the disaster. The Act allowed the Central Government to take locus standi for filing suits in behalf of the victims. The Union of India argued that the victims of the Bhopal Gas tragedy were not capable enough to have the power of suing the defendants. Therefore, the power that is given by the Act to the central government allows the government to demand for compensation in behalf of the public (Chopra 2014). The establishment of the Act shall facilitate the central government to differentiate the suits that have already been issued and the suits that are pending for decision. The central government will be able to proceed with the issues that have not yet been proceeded. In the opinion of the Union of India, the Act does not contain rules that are violative of Article 21 of the Constitution, as the Act does not infringe the individual advantages of people. Thus, the liberty of the person was not infringed as the Act was for the betterment of the public by selecting a representative on their behalf. The power that was given to the Central Government for filing suits by way of representation of the general people was only for monetary compensation and no powers was endowed in relation to criminal liability of the organisation. Thus, the Union of India held that the monetary compensation should be punitive and strict in nature. This means that the central government had restrained powers with the formation of the Act. References: Augenstein, D., 2014. The crisis of international human rights law in the global market economy. InNetherlands Yearbook of International Law 2013(pp. 41-64). TMC Asser Press. Balganesh, S. (2014). The Constitutionalization of Indian Private Law. Bourdieu, P. (2014). Bhopal and the US Courts.Victims of Apathy, 23. Castleman, B. (2016). The export of hazardous industries in 2015.Environmental Health,15(1), 1. Chopra, R., 2014. Sustainable Development and Human Rights: An Evolving Framework.Journal of the National Human Rights Commission India. Dhara, V. R., Acquilla, S. (2013). Regarding distance of residence in 1984 may be used as exposure surrogate for the Bhopal disaster-further observations on post-disaster epidemiology.The Indian journal of medical research,138(2), 270. Dhara, V.R. and Acquilla, S., 2013. Regarding distance of residence in 1984 may be used as exposure surrogate for the Bhopal disaster-further observations on post-disaster epidemiology.The Indian journal of medical research,138(2), p.270. Izarali, M. R. (2013). Globalization and the Bhopal disaster. A criminogenic inquiry.International Journal of Social Inquiry,6(1), 91-112. Jos, J. (2016). Voice of Bhopal: Different Dimensions of the Barriers to Justice in Bhopal Gas Tragedy Case.Available at SSRN 2803271. Mac Sheoin, T. (2015). Justice for Bhopal! And No More Bhopals! Three decades of national and international campaigning.Process Safety and Environmental Protection,97, 3-12. Mishra, P.K., Raghuram, G.V., Bunkar, N., Bhargava, A. and Khare, N.K., 2015. Molecular bio-dosimetry for carcinogenic risk assessment in survivors of Bhopal gas tragedy.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health,28(6), pp.921-939. Mittal, A. (2015). Retrospection of Bhopal gas tragedy.Toxicological Environmental Chemistry, 1-5. Nair, J.S., 2016. 31_Law of Tort (2006). Oak, V.C., 2012. Assertion of Right to Clean Environment in India.Available at SSRN 1995536. Oak, V.C., 2014. Sustainable Development and the Role of Indian Supreme Court in Its Realization.Available at SSRN 2374661. Rajagopalan, S., 2014. Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Paternalism and Filicide.Available at SSRN 2532789. Rao, P.P., 2016. Legal Regime for Internally Displaced Persons. Singh, S. and Bhadoria, S., 2013. Bhopal gas tragedy: a revisit to pick out some lessons we have forgotten in 28 years.Int. J. ChemTech Res.,5(2), pp.815-819.

Leo (401 words) Essay Example For Students

Leo (401 words) Essay LeoProud and intensely individual, I really want to stand out, to be the very best I can be, and to be recognized and appreciated for my unique contributions. Doing something well and being respected for it is extremeluy important to me and I cannot tolerate being in the background, taking orders from otheres, or being jsut one of the team. I must put my personal stamp on whatever I do, and direct my own course in life. I need to have a place where I can shine, express myself creativelym, and be the one in charge. I have big drezms and determination, spirit, vitality, and enthusiam to bring them into being. I also have a noble romantic heart, and a love of the dramatic, colorful, and wxtravagant. For me it is true that all the worlds a stage and I secretely ( or perhaps not so secretely) desire to be the Star or Hero in the play. I want to be great and to receive the lkove and applause of an adoring audience evein if the audience is just one other special person. I need someone to believe in me and my dreams. Though I appear radiantly self-confident and independent, I am actually very much depenbdent on the affirmation, love. and recognition of others. I cannot bear the thought of being unnoticed or unappreciated. I also love wholeheartedly and genrerously and really know how to make the person I love feel special. I love the magin of being in love and know how to keep the romance alive in the relationship. I am also immensely loyal and will defend my loved ones and stand by them to the end-as kibg as they never offent my pride or betray my trust. HowevermI like to be the strong one in a relationship and I really do not share the leading role very easily. Ideally, I need to find a person who is as strong-willed as myself, but who will not tryt to dominate or compete with me. My strengths are my zest and love for life, my creative power, and my warm and generous heart. My primary fault is my tendency to be very egocentric, so concerned with the impression I am making and with my own creative self-expression that I forget there is another, larger world that down not revolve around me. Bibliography:Fox, Kellie.